THE MARTIN BIRD
The Martin's are small perching birds of the swallow family. Martin's are characterized by a short broad bill and long wings, the tail being forked in some species but squared in other's.
Many species migrate from one place to another, some travel a very long distance.
A species 'Riparia sinensis' found in northern India and Pakistan. The sand Martin ('Riperia riparia') known in North America as the bank swallow, is the smallest of the swallow family. Its back is brown and its white breast is brown and its white breast crossed by the brown band. It feeds chiefly on inescts.It makes nests in the sandy cliffs, riverbanks, or in railway cuttings.The Sand Martin is a social bird and a colony may occupy scores of tunnels in the same cliffs.
its breeding range extends to the northern temprature zone,from the Arctic circle south to Morrroco, Palestine,Persia and Northern China and south to the Mexican bordering america.It migrates from Euresia to Afirca and Indonasia and from North America to Central America and Brazil.
Also a best known Martin's is the Common or house Martin is 'Delichon Urbica', called the European Martin in the North America.About 5 1/2 inches in length its plumege is blue-black on the head and back and pure white on the rump, throat and underparts.The short legs are clthed in white feathers and black tail is forked.Its nests are found in all Europe and in northern asia such as Japan and Formossa.
The purple Martin belong to America, though there are few African species. The common purple Martin's 'Progne Subis' migrates from the South America into the U.S .A. and south Canada as early as February and spreads over the entire country by the middle of the May. It is inches long overall, it has longer bill than most Martin's long points wings and deeply forked tail.
The female is brownish with great breast and white belly. While the plumege of the male is lustrous metallic blue.It nests in bird boxes and in hollow trees and also abandoned Woodpecker holes, funnily several birds occupying the same nests.
It returns to the interior of the south America in August.
DILIP M. SOHNI.
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