Caves

Caves

   Underground passage and caves are found in rocky landscape across the world. They are common in area with a lot of limestone. Cave system form when acidic water etches its take takes in carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, while groundwater can pick up acidic from soil. The water causes exisiting creating channels. The surface of these caverns, can became corved with a variety of crystalline deposits, which from when minerals-enriched water evaporates, leaving behind solid structure called stalactites and stalagmites.

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Stalactites and stalagmites formation
As minerals-saturated water drips from a cave roof, it leaves a minerals residue on the roof and on the floor below. Over time, continued dripping creates pointed depostits hanging from the floor and rising from the floor. Eventually, these can join together to form columns.

Karst

  Bare limestone-rock landscapes produced by chemical wethering are called karst. They feature deep trenches and sharp limestone pinnacles.